PTPRS

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, also known as R-PTP-S, R-PTP-sigma, or PTPσ, is an is_associated_with::enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRS is_associated_with::gene.

Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single is_associated_with::transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and is_associated_with::fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in is_associated_with::cell-cell interaction, primary is_associated_with::axonogenesis, and axon guidance during is_associated_with::embryogenesis. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.

Clinical significance
A PTPRS is_associated_with::protein mimetic may improve muscular and bladder control in rats with spinal cord injuries.

Interactions
PTPRS has been shown to interact with:
 * chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans,
 * is_associated_with::PTPRD, glial-derived and
 * is_associated_with::liprin-alpha-1.