Rs4290

rs7213516 and rs4290 are SNPs located 2-3 kb upstream of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, and therefore potentially of regulatory importance.

In a study in which 1,000 hypertensive individuals participating in the International Verapamil SR Trandolapril Study Genetic Substudy (INVEST-GENES) were tested for associations with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, both rs4290 and rs7213516 were associated with higher risk. The higher allele frequencies for the risk alleles in African Americans compared to Hispanics and Caucasians suggests that these alleles may contribute to ethnic-specific variation in risk.