LRP1

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), also known as alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR), apolipoprotein E receptor (APOER) or cluster of differentiation 91 (CD91), is a is_associated_with::protein forming a receptor found in the is_associated_with::plasma membrane of cells involved in receptor-mediated is_associated_with::endocytosis. In humans, the LRP1 protein is encoded by the LRP1 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
LRP-1 is involved in several cellular processes, including intracellular signaling, lipid homeostasis, and clearance of apoptotic cells.

Alzheimer's disease
is_associated_with::Neurons require is_associated_with::cholesterol to function. Cholesterol is imported into the neuron by apolipoprotein E (is_associated_with::apoE) via LRP1 receptors on the cell surface. It is thought that a causal factor in is_associated_with::Alzheimer's is the malfunction of this process which damages neurons by starving them of cholesterol.

Over-accumulation of is_associated_with::copper in the brain is associated with reduced LRP1 mediated clearance of is_associated_with::amyloid beta across the is_associated_with::blood brain barrier. This defective clearance may contribute to the buildup of neurotoxic amyloid-beta that is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease.

Cardiovascular disease
Studies have elucidated different roles for LRP1 in cellular processes relevant for cardiovascular disease. is_associated_with::Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease such as stroke and heart attacks. In the liver LRP1 is important for the removal of atherogenic is_associated_with::lipoproteins (Chylomicron remnants, VLDL) and other proatherogenic ligands from the circulation. LRP1 has a cholesterol-independent role in atherosclerosis by modulating the activity and cellular localization of the PDGFR-β in vascular is_associated_with::smooth muscle cells. Finally, LRP1 in is_associated_with::macrophages has an effect on atherosclerosis through the modulation of the extracellular matrix and inflammatory responses.

Interactions
LRP1 has been shown to interact with:


 * is_associated_with::APBB1,
 * APOE,
 * CALR,
 * is_associated_with::DLG4,
 * is_associated_with::GIPC1,
 * is_associated_with::ITGB1BP1,
 * LPL,
 * is_associated_with::MAPK8IP1,
 * is_associated_with::MAPK8IP2,
 * is_associated_with::NOS1AP,
 * PLAT,
 * PLAUR,
 * is_associated_with::SHC1,
 * is_associated_with::SYNJ2BP, and
 * THBS1.