ACO1

Aconitase 1, soluble is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the ACO1 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional, cytosolic protein that functions as an essential enzyme in the is_associated_with::TCA cycle and interacts with is_associated_with::mRNA to control the levels of iron inside cells. When cellular iron levels are high, this protein binds to a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as an is_associated_with::aconitase. Aconitases are iron-sulfur proteins that function to catalyze the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. When cellular iron levels are low, the protein binds to iron-responsive elements (IREs), which are stem-loop structures found in the 5' UTR of ferritin mRNA, and in the 3' UTR of transferrin receptor mRNA. When the protein binds to IRE, it results in repression of translation of ferritin mRNA, and inhibition of degradation of the otherwise rapidly degraded transferrin receptor mRNA. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.