Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor also known as parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the PTH1R is_associated_with::gene. PTH1R functions as a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), also called parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH).

Function
This "classical" PTH receptor is expressed in high levels in is_associated_with::bone and is_associated_with::kidney and regulates is_associated_with::calcium is_associated_with::ion is_associated_with::homeostasis through activation of is_associated_with::adenylate cyclase and is_associated_with::phospholipase C. In bone, it is expressed on the surface of is_associated_with::osteoblasts. When the receptor is activated through PTH binding, osteoblasts express RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB Ligand), which binds to RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB) on osteoclasts. This turns on is_associated_with::osteoclasts to ultimately increase the resorption rate.

Mechanism
It is a member of the secretin family of is_associated_with::G protein-coupled receptors. The activity of this receptor is mediated by Gs is_associated_with::G proteins which activate is_associated_with::adenylyl cyclase. Besides, they also activate is_associated_with::phosphatidylinositol-is_associated_with::calcium is_associated_with::second messenger system.

Pathology
Defects in this receptor are known to be the cause of is_associated_with::Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), is_associated_with::chondrodysplasia Blomstrand type (BOCD), as well as is_associated_with::enchondromatosis and primary failure of tooth eruption.

Interactions
Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor has been shown to interact with is_associated_with::Sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory cofactor 2 and is_associated_with::Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1.

Model organisms
is_associated_with::Model organisms have been used in the study of PTH1R function. A conditional is_associated_with::knockout mouse line called Pth1rtm1a(EUCOMM)Hmgu was generated at the is_associated_with::Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized is_associated_with::phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping

''