SGOL1

Shugoshin-like 1 is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the SGOL1 is_associated_with::gene.

Model organisms
is_associated_with::Model organisms have been used in the study of SGOL1 function. A conditional is_associated_with::knockout mouse line, called Sgol1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi has been generated.

Male and female animals underwent a standardized is_associated_with::phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty six tests were carried out on is_associated_with::mutant mice and three significant abnormalities were observed. No is_associated_with::homozygous is_associated_with::mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and thus none survived until is_associated_with::weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on is_associated_with::heterozygous mutant adult mice and a decreased regulatory is_associated_with::T cell number was observed in male animals.

Mechanisms
A physical mechanism that guarantees the accurate segregation of is_associated_with::sister chromatids during is_associated_with::mitosis arises from the ring shaped is_associated_with::cohesin complex consisting of 4 subunits (is_associated_with::SMC1A/B, is_associated_with::SMC3, SCC1, and SA1/2 in humans). This complex encircles the two sister chromatids and resists the pulling force of is_associated_with::microtubules. The characteristic X-shape chromosomes are formed due to the is_associated_with::centromeric cohesin protected by Shugoshin-is_associated_with::PP2A complex.

is_associated_with::Kinetochore localization of Sgo1-PP2A is dependent upon phosphorylation on is_associated_with::histone H2A of is_associated_with::nucleosome, which is the important substrate of spindle checkpoint kinase is_associated_with::BUB1. Centromeric cohesin and H2A-pT120 specify two distinct pools of Sgo1-PP2A at inner centromeres and kinetochores respectively, while the is_associated_with::CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylation on Sgo1 is essential for Sgo1-PP2A to protect centromeric cohesin, not only for bringing PP2A to cohesin, but also physically shield out the negative regulator is_associated_with::WAPAL from cohesin.