Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome

Hyperphosphatasia with Mental retardation syndrome, HPMRS, also known as Mabry syndrome, has been described in patients recruited on four continents world-wide. Mabry syndrome was confirmed to represent an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by severe mental retardation, considerably elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, hypoplastic terminal phalanges, and distinct facial features that include: hypertelorism, a broad nasal bridge and a rectangular face.

Pathogenesis
While many cases of HPMRS are caused by mutations in the PIGV gene, there may be genetic heterogeniety in the spectrum of Mabry syndrome as a whole. PIGV is a member of the molecular pathway that synthesizes the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The loss in PIGV activity results in a reduced anchoring of alkaline phosphatase to the surface membrane and an elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum.