ACSF3

Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 is an is_associated_with::enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACSF3 is_associated_with::gene.

Structure
The ACSF3 gene is located on the16th chromosome, with its specific location being 16q24.3. The gene contains 17 exons. ASCL4 encodes a 64.1 kDa protein that is composed of 576 amino acids; 20 peptides have been observed through mass spectrometry data.

Function
This gene encodes a member of the is_associated_with::acetyl—CoA synthetase family of enzymes that activate is_associated_with::fatty acids by catalyzing the formation of a is_associated_with::thioester linkage between fatty acids and is_associated_with::coenzyme A. The encoded protein is localized to is_associated_with::mitochondria, has high specificity for is_associated_with::malonate and methylmalonate and possesses malonyl-CoA synthetase activity.

Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause combined malonic and methylmalonic is_associated_with::aciduria. Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA) is a condition characterized by high levels of malonic acid and methylmalonic acid, because deficiencies in this gene cause these metabolites to not be broken down. The disease is typically diagnosed by either genetic testing or higher levels of methylmalonic acid than malonic acid in the urine, although both are elevated. The disorder typically presents symptoms early in childhood, first starting with high levels of acid in the blood (ketoacidosis). The disorder can also present as involuntary muscle tensing (dystonia), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), developmental delay, an inability to grow and gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive), low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and coma. Some affected children can even have microcephaly. Other people with CMAMMA do not develop signs and symptoms until adulthood. These individuals usually have neurological problems, such as seizures, loss of memory, a decline in thinking ability, or psychiatric diseases.