Hyperinsulinemia

Hyperinsulinemia, or hyperinsulinaemia is a condition in which there are excess levels of circulating insulin in the blood. Also known as pre-diabetes, insulin resistance, and syndrome X, it is commonly associated with PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) in females.

Hyperinsulinemia is often mistaken for diabetes or hypoglycaemia, both of which are separate conditions. Hyperinsulinemia can develop into diabetes if unmonitored and untreated, and may remain present when diabetes occurs. It is not caused by diabetes, as is commonly believed. In fact, the cause is mostly unknown, although several theories are present. Hyperinsulinemia may cause hypoglycaemia in some patients.

Causes

 * Neoplasm, pancreatic cancer, PCOS, Trans Fats

Effects

 * May lead to hypoglycemia or diabetes
 * Increased risk of PCOS
 * Increased synthesis of VLDL (hypertriglyceridemia)
 * Hypertension (insulin increases sodium retention by the renal tubules)
 * Coronary Artery Disease (increased insulin damages endothelial cells)
 * Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
 * Weight gain and lethargy (possibly connected to an underactive thyroid)

Symptoms
There are often no visible symptoms of hyperinsulinemia unless hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) is present.

Some patients may experience a variety of symptoms when hypoglycaemia is present, including:
 * Temporary muscle weakness
 * Brain fog
 * Fatigue
 * Temporary thought disorder, or inability to concentrate
 * Visual problems such as blurred vision or double vision
 * Headaches
 * Shaking/Trembling
 * Thirst

If a person experiences any of these symptoms, a visit to a qualified medical practitioner is advised. Internet information does not substitute for advice by a medical professional, and diagnostic blood testing may be required.

Treatment
Treatment is typically achieved via diet and exercise, although Metformin may be used to reduce insulin levels in some patients (typically where obesity is present). A referral to a dietician is beneficial. Another method used to lower excessively high insulin levels is organic Cinnamon as was demonstrated when supplemented in clinical human trials.

A healthy diet that is low in simple sugars and processed carbohydrates, and high in fiber, and vegetable protein is often recommended. This includes replacing white bread with whole-grain bread, reducing intake of foods composed primarily of starch such as potatoes, and increasing intake of legumes and green vegetables, particularly soy.

Regular monitoring of weight, blood sugar, and insulin are advised, as hyperinsulinemia may develop into diabetes mellitus type 2.

Common misconceptions

 * Due to the high levels of insulin, some people may believe that increased sugar intake is the answer. This is however counterproductive, since the excess production of insulin is due to insulin resistance; the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced.


 * Hyperinsulinemia is often mistaken for diabetes or hypoglycaemia. These are separate, albeit related, conditions.  Treatment may overlap for these conditions, but medical advice should always be sought.