Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor

Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), and CD115 (Cluster of Differentiation 115), is a cell-surface is_associated_with::protein encoded, in humans, by the CSF1R is_associated_with::gene. It is a receptor for a is_associated_with::cytokine called colony stimulating factor 1.

Genomics
The gene is located on long arm of chromosome 5 (5q32) on the Crick (minus) strand. It is 60.002 kilobases in length. The encoded protein has 972 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 107.984 kiloDaltons. The first is_associated_with::intron of the CSFR1 gene contains a transcriptionally inactive ribosomal protein L7 processed is_associated_with::pseudogene, oriented in the opposite direction to the CSFR1 gene.

Function
The encoded protein is a single pass type I membrane protein and acts as the receptor for colony stimulating factor 1, a cytokine which controls the production, differentiation, and function of is_associated_with::macrophages. This receptor mediates most, if not all, of the biological effects of this cytokine. Ligand binding activates CSFR1 through a process of is_associated_with::oligomerization and trans-is_associated_with::phosphorylation. The encoded protein is a tyrosine kinase is_associated_with::transmembrane receptor and member of the CSF1/is_associated_with::PDGF receptor family of tyrosine-protein kinases.

Clinical significance
Mutations in CSF1R are associated with is_associated_with::chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and type M4 is_associated_with::acute myeloblastic leukemia. Increased levels of CSF1R1 are found in is_associated_with::microglia in is_associated_with::Alzheimer's disease and after brain injuries. The increased receptor expression causes microglia to become more active. Both CSF1R, and its ligand colony stimulating factor 1 play an important role in the development of the is_associated_with::mammary gland and may be involved in the process of mammary gland is_associated_with::carcinogenesis. Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with is_associated_with::hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids.

Interactions
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor has been shown to interact with:
 * is_associated_with::Cbl gene,
 * is_associated_with::FYN,
 * is_associated_with::Grb2,
 * is_associated_with::Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, This receptor is also linked with the cells of MPS.