TPBG

Trophoblast glycoprotein, also known as TPBG, 5T4, Wnt-Activated Inhibitory Factor 1 or WAIF1, is a human protein encoded by a TPBG is_associated_with::gene. TPBG is an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.

5T4 is an is_associated_with::antigen expressed in a number of is_associated_with::carcinomas. It is an N-glycosylated transmembrane 72 kDa is_associated_with::glycoprotein containing eight is_associated_with::leucine-rich repeats. 5T4 is often referred to as an oncofetal antigen due to its expression in foetal is_associated_with::trophoblast (where it was first discovered) or is_associated_with::trophoblast is_associated_with::glycoprotein (TPBG).

5T4 is found in is_associated_with::tumors including the colorectal, ovarian, and gastric. Its expression is used as a prognostic aid in these cases. It has very limited expression in normal tissue but is widespread in malignant tumors throughout their development.

Its confined expression appears to give 5T4 the potential to be useful in cancer is_associated_with::immunotherapy. There has been extensive research into its role in is_associated_with::antibody-directed immunotherapy through the use of the high-affinity is_associated_with::murine is_associated_with::monoclonal antibody, mAb5T4, to deliver response modifiers (such as is_associated_with::staphylococcus aureus is_associated_with::superantigen) accurately to a tumor.

5T4 is also the target of the is_associated_with::cancer vaccine is_associated_with::TroVax which is in clinical trials for the treatment of a range of different is_associated_with::solid tumour types.

Interactions
TPBG has been shown to interact with is_associated_with::GIPC1.