LOXL2

Lysyl oxidase homolog 2 is an is_associated_with::enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LOXL2 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
This gene encodes a member of the is_associated_with::lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the is_associated_with::biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in is_associated_with::collagens and is_associated_with::elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the is_associated_with::C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The is_associated_with::N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and is_associated_with::chemotaxis to each member of the family.

LOXL2 can also crosslink is_associated_with::collagen type IV and hence influence the sprouting of new is_associated_with::blood vessels.

Clinical significance
LOXL2 is an enzyme that is up-regulated in several types of cancer and is associated with a poorer prognosis. LOXL2 changes the structure of histones (proteins that are attached to DNA) and thus changes the shape of the cells, making it easier for the cancer cells to metastasize.

An antibody that inhibits the activity of LOXL2, is_associated_with::simtuzumab and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of cancer and fibrotic diseases such as is_associated_with::liver fibrosis.