DCPS (gene)

Scavenger mRNA-decapping enzyme DcpS is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the DCPS is_associated_with::gene.

The scavenger mRNA decapping enzymes include Dcp2 and DcpS. DcpS is a scavenger is_associated_with::pyrophosphatase that is_associated_with::hydrolyses the residual cap structure following 3' to 5' is_associated_with::mRNA degradation. DcpS uses cap is_associated_with::dinucleotides or capped is_associated_with::oligonucleotides as substrates to release m(7)GMP (N7-methyl GMP), while Dcp2 uses capped mRNA as a substrate in order to hydrolyse the cap to release m(7)GDP (N7-methyl GDP). The association of DcpS with 3' to 5' is_associated_with::exonuclease exosome components suggests that these two activities are linked and there is a coupled exonucleolytic decay-dependent decapping pathway. The family contains a is_associated_with::histidine triad (HIT) sequence in its C-terminal domain, with three is_associated_with::histidines separated by is_associated_with::hydrophobic residues. The central histidine within the DcpS HIT motif is critical for decapping activity and defines the HIT motif as a new mRNA decapping domain, making DcpS the first member of the HIT family of proteins with a defined biological function.