4-Fluoroamphetamine

4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; PAL-303; "Flux",; "Flits", "R2D2"), also known as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and possibly entactogenic effects. 4-FA is a relatively rare drug on the illicit market, although it is sometimes sold as a designer drug along with related analogues such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine, among others.

Effects
The subjective effects of 4-FA include euphoria, increased energy, mood elevation, excessive talking, bruxism (jaw clenching), insomnia and suppressed appetite.

4-Fluoroamphetamine is a potent stimulant and serotonin releaser as with other para-substituted amphetamine derivatives, but is both significantly less potent as a serotonin releaser and much less neurotoxic than related compounds such as parachloroamphetamine.

The dopamine reuptake inhibition produced by 4-FA is stronger than that of either PCA or PIA. 4-FA also produces less hyperthermia than similar compounds such as PMA, 4-MTA and 4-methylamphetamine.

Effects begin within an hour after ingestion. Common dose range is 75-150mg, usually taken orally.

Neurotoxicity
The serotonin-releasing potency and neurotoxicity of 4-fluoroamphetamine is less than for 4-chloroamphetamine.

Contrary to popular belief, neurotoxicity does not increase down the series of para-halogenated amphetamine derivatives, even though serotonin releasing potency does follow this trend. For example, 4-iodoamphetamine is less toxic than is 4-chloroamphetamine. Hence, this property is not related to serotonin releasing potency as such, since PAL-287 was reported to be not at all neurotoxic even though it is a powerful 5-HT releasing agent.

Bearing in mind the above statements, it is unclear where 4-MTA and 4-methylamphetamine fit in on the neurotoxicity scale.

Metabolism
Regarding the metabolic fate of 4-FA, it was reported that amphetamine is metabolized chiefly by para-hydroxylation of the phenyl ring.

Legality
4-fluoroamphetamine was banned in Lithuania in July 2009. 4-fluoroamphetamine has been banned in Switzerland the 1st December 2010, like many other research chemicals. 4-fluoroamphetamine is illegal in Sweden. 4-FA is illegal in Poland since 08.06.2011