C1 domain

C1 domain (also known as phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain) binds an important secondary messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), as well as the analogous phorbol esters. Phorbol esters can directly stimulate protein kinase C, PKC. The N-terminal region of PKC, known as C1, has been shown

Phorbol esters (such as PMA) are analogues of DAG and potent tumor promoters that cause a variety of physiological changes when administered to both cells and tissues. DAG activates a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, collectively known as protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol esters can directly stimulate PKC.

The N-terminal region of PKC, known as C1, binds PMA and DAG in a phospholipid and zinc-dependent fashion. The C1 region contains one or two copies of a cysteine-rich domain, which is about 50 amino-acid residues long, and which is essential for DAG/PMA-binding.

The DAG/PMA-binding domain binds two zinc ions; the ligands of these metal ions are probably the six cysteines and two histidines that are conserved in this domain.

Human proteins containing this domain
AKAP13;   ARAF;      ARHGAP29;  ARHGEF2;   BRAF;      CDC42BPA;  CDC42BPB;  CDC42BPG; CHN1;     CHN2;      CIT;       DGKA;      DGKB;      DGKD;      DGKE;      DGKG; DGKH;     DGKI;      DGKK;      DGKQ;      DGKZ;      GMIP;      HMHA1;     KSR1; KSR2;     MYO9A;     MYO9B;     PDZD8;     PRKCA;     PRKCB1;    PRKCD;     PRKCE; PRKCG;    PRKCH;     PRKCI;     PRKCN;     PRKCQ;     PRKCZ;     PRKD1;     PRKD2; PRKD3;    RACGAP1;   RAF1;      RASGRP;    RASGRP1;   RASGRP2;   RASGRP3;   RASGRP4; RASSF1;   RASSF5;    ROCK1;     ROCK2;     STAC;      STAC2;     STAC3;     TENC1; UNC13A;   UNC13B;    UNC13C;    VAV1;      VAV2;      VAV3;