AANAT (gene)

AANAT is a gene that encodes an enzyme is_associated_with::aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase. It is the key regulator of day-night cycle (circadian rhythm). It is found in all animals. In humans it is present on chromosome 7, in chimpanzees chromosome 17, in mouse and sheep chromosome 11, in rat chromosome 10, and in chicken chromosome 18.

Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the is_associated_with::acetyltransferase superfamily. It is the penultimate enzyme in is_associated_with::melatonin synthesis and controls the night/day rhythm in melatonin production in the vertebrate is_associated_with::pineal gland. Melatonin is essential for the function of the is_associated_with::circadian clock that influences activity and sleep. This enzyme is regulated by cAMP-dependent is_associated_with::phosphorylation that promotes its interaction with is_associated_with::14-3-3 proteins and thus protects the enzyme against proteasomal degradation.

Clinical significance
This gene may contribute to numerous genetic diseases such as is_associated_with::delayed sleep phase syndrome.