CXCL5

C-X-C motif chemokine 5 or ENA-78 is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL5 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small is_associated_with::cytokine belonging to the CXC is_associated_with::chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines is_associated_with::interleukin-1 or is_associated_with::tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in is_associated_with::eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II is_associated_with::interferon IFN-γ. This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possessing is_associated_with::angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface is_associated_with::chemokine receptor CXCR2. The is_associated_with::gene for CXCL5 is encoded on four is_associated_with::exons and is located on human is_associated_with::chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes. CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodelling. CXCL5 has been also described to regulate neutrophil homeostasis.

Clinical significance
CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a "potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in other inflammatory conditions like is_associated_with::arthritis and is_associated_with::cystitis.". CXCL5 is well known to have chemotactic and activating functions on neutrophil, mainly during acute inflammatory responses. However CXCL5 expression is also higher in is_associated_with::atherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory condition) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead CXCL5 has a protective role in atherosclerosis by directly controlling macrophage is_associated_with::foam cell formation.