FAM114A1

Protein FAM114A1 also known as nervous system overexpressed protein 20 (NOXP20) is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM114A1 is_associated_with::gene. Orthologs of FAM114A1 reach as far back in evolution to is_associated_with::Drosophila, however, it's closer in homology to primates than any other orthologs. FAM114A1 has one is_associated_with::paralog, FAM114A2, which also encodes a protein of unknown function.

Gene
FAM114A1 is located on the short arm of is_associated_with::Chromosome 4 (4.p14) in humans on the forward strand sense, it starts at base pair 38869354 and ends at 38947365. Its mRNA has 4138 bp. The gene has the following neighbors on the same chromosome:


 * is_associated_with::TLR1: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1 plays a role in is_associated_with::pathogen recognition and activation of is_associated_with::innate immunity.
 * is_associated_with::TLR6: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 6 plays a role in is_associated_with::pathogen recognition and activation of is_associated_with::innate immunity.
 * TMEM156: The gene codes for a is_associated_with::transmembrane protein.
 * KLHL5: Kelch-like 5, its protein is thought to have a role in lymphocyte activation.



Expression
NOXP20 is over-expressed in the brain, is_associated_with::microarray data using the is_associated_with::Allen Brain Atlas provides evidence of that expression. Data from NCBI GEO Profile shows that although FAM114A1 is expressed in the brain, its expression goes beyond the is_associated_with::nervous tissue to include most of the tissue types in the human body. GEO Profiles also show that FAM114A1 is more expressed in is_associated_with::mesenchyme stem cells than in undifferentiated stem cells. Further experiments have shown that there are certain factors that affect the expression of FAM114A1. One example is the direct relation between the over-expression of CLDN-1 and the over-expression of FAM114A1.

Protein
NOXP20 is made up of 563 is_associated_with::amino acids and weighs 60742 Da with an iso-electric point of 4.415999. Little is known about the details of this protein, however, there is a good deal of scientific predictions for the protein's structure and function. Like any other protein, this protein undergoes post-translational modifications. The modification that has been proven to be true is is_associated_with::phosphorylation on two of the protein's amino acids 196 and 199.

Structure
There are several tools available to predict the secondary structure of a protein. One tool that combines the results of few of them is PELE on SDSC Biology WorkBench. According to this tool, the protein's secondary structure is mostly alpha helices and coils with some beta strands around the structure.

Interactions
There is not proof of any interactions that the FAM114A1 protein has with other proteins in the human body. However, an interaction between FAM114A1 and CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 was detected in mice. There is 77% identity and 83% similarity between the is_associated_with::amino acids of NOXP20 in the two species (is_associated_with::Homo sapiens and is_associated_with::Mus musculus). Due to the close relation between the two species we can assume that NOXP20 has the same interaction in humans.

Function
The exact function of NOXP20 is still not well understood. However, there has been evidence that the protein carries a is_associated_with::caspase recruiting domain on it. Knowing that is_associated_with::caspase is involved in apoptosis, this information leads us to believe that NOXP20 could have a role in apoptosis and regulation of is_associated_with::cell proliferation.