Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) also called canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (cMOAT) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC2 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
MRP2 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-is_associated_with::cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). More specifically, this protein is a member of the MRP subfamily, which is involved in is_associated_with::multi-drug resistance. This protein is expressed in the canalicular (apical) part of the is_associated_with::hepatocyte and functions in biliary transport. Substrates include anticancer drugs such as is_associated_with::vinblastine; therefore, this protein appears to contribute to drug resistance in mammalian cells.

MRP2 is also expressed in on the apical membrane of is_associated_with::proximal renal tubule is_associated_with::endothelial cells where they are involved in the excretion of small organic anions. ₳

Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Several different mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with is_associated_with::Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Iatrogenic Fanconi syndrome
Many negatively charged metabolic waste products are eliminated from the body by the kidneys. These is_associated_with::organic anions are transported from the blood into the is_associated_with::endothelial cells of the renal proximal tubules by the is_associated_with::OAT1 transporter. From there, these waste is_associated_with::molecules are transported into the lumen of the tubule by the MRP2 transporter. Many drugs are eliminated from the body by this mechanism. Some of these drugs pass through the MRP2 transporter slowly. This may cause a build up of organic anions in the is_associated_with::cytoplasm of the cells.

Drugs that inhibit the MRP2 transporter can cause a build up of organic anions inside renal proximal tubule cells. If some of these organic anions inhibit mitochondrial DNA synthesis, it may cause iatrogenic Fanconi syndrome. The nucleoside phosphonate is_associated_with::adefovir is a MRP2 inhibitor that has been linked to kidney disease. is_associated_with::Tenofovir and is_associated_with::cidofovir are also nucleoside phosphonates that inhibit MRP2 and have been associated with Fanconi syndrome.