G protein-coupled bile acid receptor

The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) also known G-protein coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19), membrane-type receptor for bile acids (M-BAR) or TGR5 as is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the GPBAR1 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
This gene encodes a member of the is_associated_with::G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. This protein functions as a cell surface receptor for is_associated_with::bile acids. Treatment of cells expressing this GPCR with bile acids induces the production of intracellular cAMP, activation of a is_associated_with::MAP kinase signaling pathway, and internalization of the receptor. The receptor is implicated in the suppression of is_associated_with::macrophage functions and regulation of energy homeostasis by bile acids.

One effect of this receptor is to activate is_associated_with::deiodinases which convert the is_associated_with::prohormone is_associated_with::thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone is_associated_with::triiodothyronine (T3). T3 in turn activates the is_associated_with::thyroid hormone receptor which increases is_associated_with::metabolic rate.