HDAC4

Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a is_associated_with::protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
is_associated_with::Histones play a critical role in is_associated_with::transcriptional regulation, is_associated_with::cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone is_associated_with::acetylation/deacetylation alters is_associated_with::chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the is_associated_with::histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly but through is_associated_with::transcription factors is_associated_with::MEF2C and is_associated_with::MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3. Furthermore, HDAC4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation.

Clinical significance
Studies have shown that HDAC4 regulates bone and muscle development. is_associated_with::Harvard University researchers also concluded that it promotes healthy vision: Reduced levels of the protein led to the death of the rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the is_associated_with::retinas of mice.

Interactions
HDAC4 has been shown to interact with:


 * is_associated_with::BCL6,
 * is_associated_with::BTG2,
 * CBX5,
 * is_associated_with::GATA1,
 * is_associated_with::HDAC3,
 * is_associated_with::MAPK1,
 * is_associated_with::MAPK3,
 * is_associated_with::MEF2C,
 * is_associated_with::Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A,
 * is_associated_with::Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1,
 * is_associated_with::Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2,
 * is_associated_with::Testicular receptor 2,
 * is_associated_with::YWHAB,
 * is_associated_with::YWHAE, and
 * is_associated_with::Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16.