Arginine vasopressin receptor 2

Arginine is_associated_with::vasopressin receptor 2 (officially abbreviated AVPR2) is a is_associated_with::protein that acts as receptor for is_associated_with::arginine vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of is_associated_with::G-protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by the Gs type of is_associated_with::G proteins, which stimulate is_associated_with::adenylate cyclase.

AVPR2 is expressed in the is_associated_with::kidney tubule, predominantly in the membrane of cells of the is_associated_with::distal convoluted tubule and is_associated_with::collecting ducts, in is_associated_with::fetal is_associated_with::lung tissue and is_associated_with::lung cancer, the last two being associated with is_associated_with::alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed outside the kidney, and, when stimulated, a variety of is_associated_with::clotting factors are released into the bloodstream.

In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the is_associated_with::urine and maintain is_associated_with::water is_associated_with::homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease is_associated_with::Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results.

Antagonists
is_associated_with::Vasopressin receptor antagonists that are selective for the V2 receptor include:
 * is_associated_with::Tolvaptan (FDA-approved)
 * is_associated_with::Lixivaptan
 * is_associated_with::Mozavaptan
 * is_associated_with::Satavaptan

Their main uses are in is_associated_with::hyponatremia, such as that caused by is_associated_with::syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and is_associated_with::heart failure, however these agents should be avoided in patients with is_associated_with::cirrhosis.

is_associated_with::Demeclocycline and is_associated_with::lithium carbonate act as indirect antagonists of renal vasopressin V2 receptors by inhibiting activation of the is_associated_with::second messenger cascade of the receptors.

Interactions
Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 has been shown to interact with is_associated_with::C1QTNF1.