Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9

Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 is a is_associated_with::protein that is encoded by the human ACOT9 is_associated_with::gene. It is a member of the acyl-CoA is_associated_with::thioesterase superfamily, which is a group of is_associated_with::enzymes that is_associated_with::hydrolyze is_associated_with::Coenzyme A is_associated_with::esters. There is no known function, however it has been shown to act as a long-chain thioesterase at low concentrations, and a short-chain thioesterase at high concentrations.

Locus
The ACOT9 gene is located at p22.11 on is_associated_with::chromosome X. Located on the minus strand of the chromosome, the start is at 23,721,777 bp and the end is at 23,761,407 bp, which is a span of 39,631 is_associated_with::base pairs.

Aliases
ACOT9 gene is known primarily for encoding the Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 protein. Other, less commonly used names for the gene are ACATE2, and MT-ACT48.

Orthologs
There are many is_associated_with::orthologs of ACOT9, the house mouse (Mus musculus) being one of the most similar, where the ACOT9 gene is found at 72.38cM on chromosome X. The range of orthologs extends to mammals, birds, amphibians, anamorphic fungi, and others.



Paralogs
In mice, which is one of the closest orthologs, ACOT10 is a known paralog of the ACOT9 gene.

Expression
Expression of the ACOT9 is is_associated_with::ubiquitous throughout the tissues in humans. Tissues with a value of over 500 in the large-scale analysis of the human transcriptome were the globus pallidus and colorectal adenocarcinoma. The expressed sequence tag (or EST) abundance profile also shows is_associated_with::ubiquitous/near ubiquitous, expression throughout human tissues.

Transcription factors
There are numerous is_associated_with::transcription factors throughout the ACOT9 promotor sequence. Some of the notable factors are is_associated_with::heat shock factors and is_associated_with::transcription factor II B (TFIIB) recognition elements.

Secondary structure
There are two regions in the ACOT9 gene sequence that are labeled as BFIT (Brown Fat Inducible Thioesterase) and BACH (Brain Acyl CoA Hydrolase) regions. These regions are part of a hotdog fold superfamily, which has been found to be used in a variety of cell roles. Predictions show there to be various is_associated_with::alpha-helices throughout the structure, suggesting it is a is_associated_with::transmembrane protein.

Interactions
A mitochondrial cleavage site can be found at amino acid 30 in the ACOT9 sequence, and the probability of export to the is_associated_with::mitochondria is 0.9374. The Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 protein is estimated to be 60.9% mitochondrial, 21.7% is_associated_with::cytoplasmic, 8.7% nuclear, 4.3% in the is_associated_with::plasma membrane, and 4.3% in the is_associated_with::endoplasmic reticulum.

The ACOT9 protein has been found to interact with the following proteins either experimentally or through co-expression:
 * is_associated_with::C1orf151
 * is_associated_with::MCTS1
 * is_associated_with::C1GALT1C1
 * is_associated_with::FBXW12
 * is_associated_with::RLIM
 * is_associated_with::RPS6KA3
 * is_associated_with::RAB9A
 * UBC
 * is_associated_with::CXorf26
 * HCCS