PALB2

Partner and localizer of BRCA2, also known as PALB2 or FANCN, is a is_associated_with::protein which in humans is encoded by the PALB2 is_associated_with::gene.

Function
This gene encodes a protein that functions in genome maintenance (double strand break repair). This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (is_associated_with::BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. PALB2 binds the single strand DNA and directly interacts with the recombinase RAD51 to stimulates strand invasion a vital step of is_associated_with::homologous recombination. PALB2 can function synergistically with a BRCA2 chimera (termed piccolo, or piBRCA2) to further promote strand invasion.

Clinical significance
Variants in the PALB2 gene are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer of magnitude similar to that associated with BRCA2 mutations and PALB2-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors.

PALB2 was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for familial is_associated_with::pancreatic cancer by scientists at the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center at Johns Hopkins. This has paved for the way for developing a new gene test for families where pancreatic cancer occurs in multiple family members. Tests for PALB2 have been developed by Ambry Genetics and Myriad Genetics that are now available.

Biallelic mutations in PALB2 (also known as FANCN), similar to biallelic BRCA2 mutations, cause is_associated_with::Fanconi anemia.